Mr. Jones - Mr. Jones is a farmer, and the owner of Manor Farm. He represents the last Tsar of Russia, Nicholas Alexandrovich Romanov (Nicholas II).
Mrs. Jones - She represents the Tsar's wife, Alexandra.
Mr. Pilkington - Owner of Foxwood (leader of England). He doesn't represent one person in particular, but rather is a composite of all of the leaders of England.
Mr. Frederick - Owner of Pinchfield (leader of Germany). Frederick is a composite of the leaders of Germany. He also represents Hitler.
Mr. Whymper - A solicitor living in Willingdon. Acted as an intermediary between Animal Farm and the outside world in matters of trade. Represents capitalists who did business with the Soviet state.
Sheep - The sheep represent the masses of the Soviet Union. Both the sheep and the masses blindly follow their respective leaders and repeat anything that they say.
Rats and Rabbits - The rats and rabbits are the wild animals that live on the farm. They represent beggars, thieves, and gypsies.
Benjamin and Muriel - Benjamin and Muriel represented the elderly citizens of the Soviet Union. Because of Napoleon's corruption, they eventually become one of the few animals who still remembered The Rebellion. This symbolizes the eldery in Russia.
Pigeons - The pigeons, who fly out each day to spread the word about Animalism to the other farms in Willingdon, represent the Communist International, an organization founded in Moscow who's main goal was to spread communism around the globe.
Hens - The hens represent the peasant farmers in the Soviet Union, who are ordered to surrender their eggs to Napoleon. This is a reference to Stalin's attempt to collectivize the peasant farmers of Russia.
Moses - The raven, Moses, symbolizes the Russian Orthodox Church. In the beginning of the novel, Moses was Mr. Jones's pet, who reported all news concerning the animals to him. Moses fled the farm shortly after The Rebellion, but eventually returned.
Birds - The primary motto of Animalism is "Four legs good, two legs bad". The birds argued with this saying, since it seems to exclude them, which have two legs and two wings.
Jessie, Bluebell, and Pincher - The only three dogs that are mentioned by name. They do not have a very active role in the novel.
Puppies - The puppies represent the Soviet military and police force.
Mollie - Mollie represented the Russian aristocracy that initially supported the Bolshevik Revolution, but later fled the Soviet Union yearning for their previous lifestyle.
Clover - Boxer's female counterpart, Clover represented those that could see through Stalin's conspiracy against the ideals of Soviet communism.
Boxer - Boxer represents the working class of the Soviet Union. Boxer is portrayed as being a dedicated worker, but possessing a less-than-average intelligence.
Old Major - The father of Animalism. He represents Karl Marx, but in some ways also symbolizes the original communist leader, Vladimir Lenin.
Squealer - This pig represents the Russian media, which spread Stalin's version of the truth to the masses.
Snowball - Snowball represents Leon Trotsky. Trotsky was one of the original revolutionaries. However, as Stalin rose to power he became one of Stalin's biggest enemies,
Napoleon - Napoleon is Joseph Stalin, the second leader of the Soviet Union. Animal farm skips the short rule of Vladimir Lenin.
Mrs. Jones - She represents the Tsar's wife, Alexandra.
Mr. Pilkington - Owner of Foxwood (leader of England). He doesn't represent one person in particular, but rather is a composite of all of the leaders of England.
Mr. Frederick - Owner of Pinchfield (leader of Germany). Frederick is a composite of the leaders of Germany. He also represents Hitler.
Mr. Whymper - A solicitor living in Willingdon. Acted as an intermediary between Animal Farm and the outside world in matters of trade. Represents capitalists who did business with the Soviet state.
Sheep - The sheep represent the masses of the Soviet Union. Both the sheep and the masses blindly follow their respective leaders and repeat anything that they say.
Rats and Rabbits - The rats and rabbits are the wild animals that live on the farm. They represent beggars, thieves, and gypsies.
Benjamin and Muriel - Benjamin and Muriel represented the elderly citizens of the Soviet Union. Because of Napoleon's corruption, they eventually become one of the few animals who still remembered The Rebellion. This symbolizes the eldery in Russia.
Pigeons - The pigeons, who fly out each day to spread the word about Animalism to the other farms in Willingdon, represent the Communist International, an organization founded in Moscow who's main goal was to spread communism around the globe.
Hens - The hens represent the peasant farmers in the Soviet Union, who are ordered to surrender their eggs to Napoleon. This is a reference to Stalin's attempt to collectivize the peasant farmers of Russia.
Moses - The raven, Moses, symbolizes the Russian Orthodox Church. In the beginning of the novel, Moses was Mr. Jones's pet, who reported all news concerning the animals to him. Moses fled the farm shortly after The Rebellion, but eventually returned.
Birds - The primary motto of Animalism is "Four legs good, two legs bad". The birds argued with this saying, since it seems to exclude them, which have two legs and two wings.
Jessie, Bluebell, and Pincher - The only three dogs that are mentioned by name. They do not have a very active role in the novel.
Puppies - The puppies represent the Soviet military and police force.
Mollie - Mollie represented the Russian aristocracy that initially supported the Bolshevik Revolution, but later fled the Soviet Union yearning for their previous lifestyle.
Clover - Boxer's female counterpart, Clover represented those that could see through Stalin's conspiracy against the ideals of Soviet communism.
Boxer - Boxer represents the working class of the Soviet Union. Boxer is portrayed as being a dedicated worker, but possessing a less-than-average intelligence.
Old Major - The father of Animalism. He represents Karl Marx, but in some ways also symbolizes the original communist leader, Vladimir Lenin.
Squealer - This pig represents the Russian media, which spread Stalin's version of the truth to the masses.
Snowball - Snowball represents Leon Trotsky. Trotsky was one of the original revolutionaries. However, as Stalin rose to power he became one of Stalin's biggest enemies,
Napoleon - Napoleon is Joseph Stalin, the second leader of the Soviet Union. Animal farm skips the short rule of Vladimir Lenin.